Keeping ladder users safe isn’t just about building a strong ladder – it’s also about making sure people know how to use it correctly. BS EN 131‑3:2018+A1:2025 is the third part of the EN 131 series. Whereas EN 131‑1 defines ladder types and functional sizes and EN 131‑2 sets out design and test requirements, EN 131‑3 covers the safety markings that must appear on a ladder and the user instructions that accompany it.
This article translates the technical jargon of BS EN 131‑3 into plain English so you know what to look for when buying or using a ladder.
Many ladder accidents happen not because the product failed but because it was mis‑used. EN 131‑3 recognises that clear, consistent safety information helps users avoid common hazards. It requires manufacturers to provide durable safety markings and instructions that shows the correct way to set up, use and look after ladders. This part of the standard also lists typical causes of accidents – such as using the wrong ladder type, incorrect positioning, overreaching or working in bad weather. By following the markings and instructions, users can reduce risks like falls, slips, structural failure and electrical hazards.
EN 131‑3 applies to all portable ladders that fall within the scope of EN 131‑1 and that meet the requirements of EN 131‑1 and EN 131‑2. It also covers additional ladder types referenced in other parts of the series, including single or multiple hinged‑joint ladders (EN 131‑4), telescopic ladders (EN 131‑6) and mobile ladders with platforms (EN 131‑7). The standard tells ladder producers how to mark their products and what information must appear in the user instructions.
BS EN 131-3 defines several roles:
| Term | Simplified definition |
|---|---|
| Producer | The manufacturer or any person who sells the ladder under their own name. Producers are responsible for supplying safety markings and user instructions. |
| Distributor | A professional in the supply chain whose activities do not affect the safety properties of the ladder. Distributors must ensure that each ladder is supplied with instructions in the official language(s) of the country of sale. |
| User | The person using the ladder. Users are expected to read and follow the safety markings and instructions. |
Producers must ensure that each ladder carries the required safety marking and that user instructions accompany every product. These instructions must be in the language of the country where the ladder is sold and must state that the instructions should be read before use. Distributors must check that the markings and instructions are present and supply translations where needed. A few technical terms (e.g. “max.” and “min.”) may appear in their original form and need not be translated.
User instructions should list the items to be inspected before use. Annex A of the standard provides a minimum checklist of parts to inspect and describes how to determine pass/fail criteria. Instructions must also include the identity and address of the producer or distributor, including a website address, and should repeat all safety markings found on the ladder. Manufacturers are encouraged to provide instructions online as well as in printed form.
The ladder itself must display permanent basic information, which may be presented as safety signs or text. This includes:
Some of this information (identity, type, classification and maximal load) must also appear on the packaging so that consumers can check it before purchase.
The standard distinguishes between four basic safety signs: prohibition, mandatory action, warning and safe condition signs. These signs follow ISO 3864-1/3 design principles and the EN ISO 7010 templates, with minimum symbol sizes of 15 mm.
Supplementary safety information symbols use a green tick to indicate a necessary action and a red X to show what is not allowed. The symbol for the highest permitted standing rung/step must be placed on the stile, the first disallowed rung/step, or on a dedicated label.
Table 1 of the standard list’s the minimum safety markings and instructions that apply to every ladder. In simple terms, these basic instructions remind users to:
The basic instructions apply to all ladders, but EN 131‑3 also specifies extra marking and guidance for particular types:
Leaning ladders must be placed at the correct angle between 65° and 75°. This is more easily understood as a ratio of 4:1 base to height.
When used for access to another level, the ladder should extend at least 1 m above the landing point and be secured to prevent movement.
Users should only ascend the ladder in the direction indicated by the markings, avoid leaning against unsuitable surfaces, never move the ladder from the top and not stand on the top three steps or rungs.
Standing ladders (stepladders) have their own precautions. Never step off the side onto another surface. Always open the ladder fully and engage any restraint devices before use. Do not use a standing ladder as a leaning ladder unless it is designed for that purpose. Users should not stand on the top two steps or rungs unless there is a suitable platform and hand/knee rail, and any tray or surface that looks like a platform but is not designed for standing must be clearly labelled.
Combination ladders can be configured in various ways. When used as a standing ladder with an extending section at the top or in a stairway position, the user should not climb above the top four steps/rungs. The highest permissible standing rung should be clearly marked (minimum symbol height 15 mm, width 30 mm). Locking devices must be checked and fully secured before use.
For extension ladders, check all locking devices and secure them fully before each use. Where the design uses a rope to raise the sections, the loose end should be tied to the ladder.
Hinge‑joint ladders (often used as multi‑purpose “A‑frame”, work platforms or leaning ladders) should be unfolded and folded while lying on the ground, not in the raised position. If using the ladder as a platform, only use decking recommended by the ladder producer and secure it. Prohibited positions, such as an “M”‑shape or upside‑down configuration, must be avoided. The hinges must always be locked before use.
Telescopic ladders have locking mechanisms on every rung. Users must check that all extended rungs are locked before climbing. Instructions should show how to operate the locks and indicate when they are locked or unlocked. Keep hands and fingers away from pinch points when extending or collapsing the ladder. Do not stand on the last metre of a telescopic ladder.
Mobile ladders with a platform (often used in warehouses for stock picking) require additional precautions. Do not step off the side of the platform onto another surface. Fully open foldable models and use any restraint devices. Surfaces that look like platforms but are not designed for standing must be marked. Use stabilisers, ballast and brakes if they form part of the ladder. Do not use ladders outdoors unless they are designed for outdoor use.
Maintenance of ladders is just as important as proper use. EN 131‑3 requires that repairs and maintenance must be carried out by a competent person and in accordance with the producer’s instructions. Replacement parts, such as feet, should be obtained from the manufacturer or distributor. For storage, follow the producer’s instructions: plastic and composite ladders should be kept out of direct sunlight, while wooden ladders should be stored in a dry place and not coated with vapour‑tight, opaque paint.
To stay up to date with ladder standards and safe work‑at‑height practices, consult these authoritative organisations:
EN 131‑3 complements the structural and testing requirements of EN 131‑1 and EN 131‑2 by ensuring that ladders are clearly marked and supplied with comprehensive instructions. By spelling out the responsibilities of producers and distributors, it helps users understand and manage the risks associated with ladder work. Following the markings and instructions isn’t optional – it’s a key part of safe work at height.
34 Regal Drive, Soham, Cambridgeshire, CB7 5BE.
A UK-based Certification Body, Test Laboratory and training facility that specialises in access equipment.
